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(Return to Family List)
The Pinaceae includes most of the familiar conifers in western Washington. These conifers are all large trees with whorled branches, needle-like leaves, and woody cones. The needles are borne either singly along the branches (most genera) or in clusters of 2-5 (Pinus). Larix, which occurs east of the Cascades, bears deciduous needles aggregated into false whorls on short lateral spur shoots. The male and female cones are produced on the same individuals; the female cones are generally pendent and fall as a unit, except in the true firs (Abies), in which the female cones are held upright and shatter without falling. Genera of the Pinaceae occupy habitats from deserts to swamps to timberline and make up the dominant native vegetation of the Pacific Northwest.
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